As cryptocurrency adoption grows worldwide, several nations now permit blockchain-based wealth to secure second passports or long-term residency. These programs cater to digital asset holders seeking enhanced global mobility, with investment thresholds ranging from $100,000 to $1 million.
Vanuatu's Development Support Program delivers citizenship within 30-60 days for $130,000 donations. While the government requires fiat currency, licensed agents accept Bitcoin conversions. The remote process requires no physical presence and includes visa-free access to 90+ countries. 【Notably】, this tax-free jurisdiction maintains no military force, appealing to neutrality-seeking investors.
Dominica and Saint Lucia offer economic citizenship through $200,000+ contributions, processed within nine months. Approved agencies convert crypto holdings to meet fund requirements. ——These programs particularly benefit families——, allowing inclusion of spouses, children under 25, and aging parents. However, increased due diligence has extended approval timelines since 2024.
Portugal's reconfigured Golden Visa program mandates €500,000 investments into regulated funds, some offering crypto exposure. The five-year residency path (potentially extending to ten years) requires minimal physical presence ——just seven annual days——. Lisbon-based funds like Golden Crypto blend traditional assets with up to 35% digital currency allocations.
El Salvador's Freedom Visa program broke new ground in 2023 by accepting direct BTC/USDT payments for citizenship. The $1 million investment supports national development projects, with Tether handling crypto-fiat conversions. 【Remarkably】, this remains the sole program granting citizenship without intermediate residency requirements.
Kazakhstan introduced a 10-year residency option in 2025 requiring $300,000 investments. Though currently fiat-only, its progressive crypto regulations suggest future digital asset integration. The Astana International Financial Centre operates under separate blockchain-friendly laws, attracting crypto enterprises.
Prospective applicants should note three critical factors: compliance processes often require crypto-to-fiat conversion, Caribbean programs face increasing scrutiny, and Portugal's citizenship timeline may double. ——Industry experts recommend—— working with migration specialists familiar with both digital assets and international due diligence requirements.
These evolving programs demonstrate how nations are adapting immigration policies to accommodate cryptocurrency wealth, creating unprecedented opportunities for globally mobile investors.